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Energy consumption for the Itsy Pocket Computer was characterized
in [8,7]. Power usage of a Palm
Pilot was characterized in [5]. System power
characterizations for notebook computers can be found
in [13,14]. Recent LCD power
management techniques can be found in [9,3].
All these works are hardware-centric and offer limited insight
into how software consumes energy. There are also a number of
software system energy characterization works. Energy for OSs,
especially those used in embedded systems, has been extensively
studied [6,2,27]. General
software power estimation and optimization techniques have been
investigated extensively as
well [32,23,24,28].
However, none of these software works address the GUI.
Surveys of user interface software tools can be found
in [16,17]. GUI design for handheld computers
has also been of research interest. However, most of the work in
this area has so far been concerned with limited screen size and
input methods. Interested readers may refer
to [26,1] for recent research work.
Lin Zhong
2003-10-13